_{Journal of hazardous materials 491, 137992 - (2025)}

Fission gas trapped in Chornobyl fuel microparticles reveals details of reactor operations

Leifermann, L. (Corresponding author), Balco, G., Roberts, A., Raiwa, M., Hanemann, P., Weissenborn, T., Ohm, D., Klinkenberg, M., Savina, M., van Eerten, D., Brandt, F., Isselhardt, B. H., Walther, C.

Abstract

The isotopic ratios of fission gas would provide important source information of a nuclear fuel sample found in the environment. However, it is believed that during a reactor accident like Chornobyl all fission gas is lost and that the radioactive particles found in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone today are depleted in gases by the initial explosion and subsequent fire. We disprove this hypothesis by detection and analysis of trapped krypton and xenon in these particles. Our analysis of krypton and xenon isotopes by noble gas mass spectroscopy in combination with resonance ionization mass spectrometry establishes that important information about reactor operations like age, neutron flux and plutonium fission fraction can still be reconstructed from individual micrometer-sized particles even after decades of weathering in the environment.