Background: A deficit in empathy has repeatedly been described in individuals with conduct disorder (CD), and in particular in those with callous unemotional traits. Until now, little is known about the neural basis of empathy in children and adolescents with early onset conduct disorder. [...]

Although a variety of imaging modalities are used or currently being investigated for patients with brain tumors including brain metastases, clinical image interpretation to date uses only a fraction of the underlying complex, high-dimensional digital information from routinely acquired imaging data. The growing availability of high-performance computing allows the extraction of quantitative imaging features from medical images that are usually beyond human perception. [...]

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a heterogenous syndrome considered as a risk factor for developing dementia. Previous work examining morphological brain changes in MCI has identified a temporo-parietal atrophy pattern that suggests a common neuroanatomical denominator of cognitive impairment. [...]

Conventional diffusion‐weighted (DW) MRI suffers from free water contamination due to the finite voxel size. The most common case of free water contamination occurs with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in voxels located at the CSF‐tissue interface, such as at the ventricles in the human brain. [...]

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Periventricular caps are a common finding on MR imaging and are believed to reflect focally increased interstitial water content due to dysfunctional transependymal transportation rather than ischemic-gliotic changes. We compared the quantitative water content of periventricular caps and microvascular white matter lesions, hypothesizing that periventricular caps associated with increased interstitial fluid content display higher water content than white matter lesions and are therefore differentiable from microvascular white matter lesions by measurement of the water content.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective study, we compared the water content of periventricular caps and white matter lesions in 50 patients using a quantitative multiple-echo, gradient-echo MR imaging water-mapping sequence.RESULTS: The water content of periventricular caps was significantly higher than that of white matter lesions (P = .002). [...]

BackgroundEcho planar imaging (EPI) is one of the methods of choice in dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC‐MRI) because it provides a sufficient temporal resolution. However, the relatively long readout duration of EPI often imposes limitations on increased spatial coverage or the use of multiple contrasts.PurposeTo develop a DSC‐MRI method using EPIK (EPI with keyhole) to provide dual‐contrast (TE1 and TE2) information with a higher spatial coverage than EPI. [...]

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent and debilitating complication of cirrhosis and its pathogenesis is not definitively clarified. Recent hypotheses focus on the possible existence of low-grade cerebral edema due to accumulation of osmolytes secondary to hyperammonemia. [...]

PurposeTo investigate the correlation between electrical conductivity and sodium concentration, both measured in vivo, in the human brain.MethodsConductivity measurements were performed on samples with different sodium (Na+) and agarose concentrations using a dielectric probe, and the correlation between conductivity and Na+ content was evaluated. Subsequently, brain conductivity and total Na+ content maps were measured in 8 healthy subjects using phase‐based MREPT and sodium MRI, respectively. [...]

BackgroundThe frequency of late-onset Huntington's disease (>59 years) is assumed to be low and the clinical course milder. However, previous literature on late-onset disease is scarce and inconclusive.ObjectiveOur aim is to study clinical characteristics of late-onset compared to common-onset HD patients in a large cohort of HD patients from the Registry database.MethodsParticipants with late- and common-onset (30–50 years)were compared for first clinical symptoms, disease progression, CAG repeat size and family history. [...]