For the future of information technology, Jülich’s institutes investigate physical phenomena in organic and inorganic systems in conjunction with materials and novel material combinations and they develop elements for future computer components and architectures. The inner workings of the brain are taken as a model for these innovative computer architectures known as neuromorphic computers – because the human brain is highly efficient. There are certain tasks, such as pattern recognition, that our brains can complete using a thousand times less energy than conventional digital computers. In particular, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning technology can benefit from neuromorphic systems, as these are constructed in a similar way to the biological networks they simulate. Other future application scenarios include all areas where real-time data processing is required, such as autonomous driving and Industry 4.0.