The group constructs cortical network models respecting the number of neurons in nature. This is achieved in the bottom-up approach by combining knowledge of anatomy and physiology into equations not tailored to a particular desired function. The natural density of the model networks removes any uncertainty about distortions of activity due to model size. The local structure of the cortex is conserved in evolution from mouse to human and is the same for sensory processing and motor planning. This dual universality raises hope that there are fundamental principles to discover. Verification with experimental data requires the development of simulation methods and the maintenance of software implementing the technology over decades. The group contributes to the generic open source simulation code NEST and promotes a culture where organizations and researchers view scientific software as infrastructure. The models are made available to the community such that in combination with reliable simulation code they can serve as building blocks for further studies and as platforms for the integration of hypotheses on brain function. The group contributes to neuromorphic computing by providing software reference systems for validation. Furthermore, the design of neuromorphic systems is seen as an integral part of brain research exposing limitations of knowledge and inspiring new research.