The diffusion length is frequently used to explain poor charge collection in halide perovskite solar cells. However, in the presence of only moderately conductive charge transport layers, non-linear series resistances can modulate the carrier density and thereby the recombination losses even if transport in the perovskite itself is nearly perfect.
Capacitance measurements are commonly used to estimate defect densities in a solar cell. Ravishankar et al. show that for a solar cell comprising of multiple layers, the traditional analysis of capacitance data is erroneous because the capacitance response of the absorber layer is hidden by overlapping responses from the other layers.
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Lead-halide perovskites exhibit power-law decay rather than exponential decay at long delay times. Consequently, to quantify the recombination, the determination of a constant lifetime is no longer a feasible approach; instead, a bimolecular recombination coefficient can be determined, which correlates with the photoluminescence quantum efficiency.
