Jülich Plant Science Seminar (JPSS) – Dr. Francois Tardieu, Dr. Claude Welcker - Do traits from phenotyping platforms facilitate yield prediction?
Einladung zum Jülicher Pflanzenwissenschaftlichen Seminar (JPSS) - Dr. Francois Tardieu, Dr. Claude Welcker
Einladung zum Jülicher Pflanzenwissenschaftlichen Seminar (JPSS) - Dr. Francois Tardieu, Dr. Claude Welcker
Abstract: Yield results from the integration of processes over months, whereas the physiological mechanisms involved in environmental adaptation operate over minutes to hours, following the diurnal fluctuations of environmental conditions. This defines the role of in-door phenotyping, in which physiological traits can be measured for hundreds of genotypes in a range of conditions, in comparison with a multi-site field experiments in which the performances of the same genotypes can be assessed in different environmental scenarios. I will present examples in which both approaches complement each other. Indeed, trade-offs are most often observed between carbon accumulation and physiological mechanisms that minimize the risk of deleterious plant water status or temperature. A given physiological adaptive trait may therefore have negative or positive consequences on yield in favorable vs unfavorable environmental conditions.
An analysis of the genetic progress over the last 60 years revealed that maize breeders successfully selected for high yield across environments, including dry or hot environments (about 100 kg ha-1 year-1 in all tested environmental scenarios). In doing so, breeders essentially selected for constitutive traits for which the genetic progress was similar in favorable and unfavorable conditions, such as plant architecture, number of reproductive organs and duration of phenological phases. In contrast, physiological traits involved in drought and heat acclimation (e.g. growth sensitivity, water use efficiency or stomatal conductance) showed no trend with genetic progress, probably due to the fact that they may have positive or negative impact on yield depending on environmental conditions in each field. In order to facilitate the use of alleles for physiological adaptive processes in breeding programs, we proposed a probabilistic approach where the benefits and risks of alleles combinations are estimated for the most likely environmental scenarios in each region, under current or future climates. Traits of hundreds of genotypes are measured in phenotyping platforms, indoor or in the field, including the responses of yield or traits to temperature, water deficit and light. The sensitivity of these responses was predicted based on genotypic information. Yield was then predicted based on a model. This strategy may allow exploiting new alleles for yield in future climates by explicitly taking into account those alleles that optimize physiological adaptive processes.
Aufgrund der kurzfristigen Ankündigung wird dieser JPSS als hybride Veranstaltung angeboten, die persönliche Teilnahme ist jedoch erwünscht.
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